What disease is caused by excessive inhalation of coal dust?

Anthracosis, also known as "black lung disease," is specifically caused by the inhalation of coal dust over long periods, particularly in occupations involving coal mining. This condition results in the accumulation of carbon particles in the lungs, leading to respiratory issues and other health complications. The chronic nature of anthracosis can result in significant lung damage, often exacerbated by the presence of other respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

The other conditions listed are associated with different types of dust or irritants. Silicosis is caused by inhaling silica dust, commonly found in mining and construction work. Asbestosis results from asbestos exposure and is characterized by scarring of lung tissue due to inhaled asbestos fibers. Salivation is not a disease caused by dust inhalation; rather, it relates to excess saliva production, which can be due to various other medical conditions. Thus, anthracosis is the most appropriate answer in relation to coal dust exposure.