At what maximum angle in degrees should a fixed ladder be installed from the horizontal?

The correct answer is a maximum angle of 70 degrees for the installation of a fixed ladder from the horizontal. This angle allows for a balance between the safety and ease of use of the ladder. When a ladder is positioned too steeply (greater than 70 degrees), it can become difficult to climb, increasing the risk of slipping and falling. Conversely, if the angle is too shallow (less than 70 degrees), the ladder may not be stable and could potentially slip out from under the user.

The 70-degree angle is recommended by safety guidelines because it ensures that the ladder is steep enough to provide a secure ascent while still allowing users to maintain three points of contact—two hands and a foot or two feet and a hand—enhancing safety during use. Proper installation at this angle is crucial in minimizing accidents and promoting safe practices in mining and other industrial environments.